Search results for " Ionic strength"

showing 10 items of 17 documents

Experimental and robust modeling approach for lead(II) uptake by alginate gel beads: influence of the ionic strength and medium composition.

2014

Abstract Systematic kinetic and equilibrium studies on the lead ions removal ability by Ca-alginate gel beads have been performed by varying several internal parameters, namely, number of gel beads, nature and composition of the ionic medium and pH, which allowed us to model a wastewater in order to closely reproduce the composition of a real sample. Moreover, the effects brought about the different ionic species present in the reacting medium have been evaluated. Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DP-ASV), has been systematically used to perform kinetic and equilibrium measurements over continuous time in a wide range of concentration. Kinetic and equilibrium data have been q…

Accuracy and precisionChemistryAnalytical chemistryIonic bondingKinetic energySurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsIonBiomaterialsAnodic stripping voltammetryColloid and Surface ChemistryIonic strengthAlginate gel beads Robust statistics Metal adsorption Wastewater treatment Ionic strength Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Adsorption isotherms Adsorption kinetics Lead Heavy metalmedicineComposition (visual arts)Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaSwellingmedicine.symptomJournal of colloid and interface science
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Modeling S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine protonation and activity coefficients in sodium and tetramethylammonium chloride aqueous solutions by SIT and Pit…

2007

Solubility and acid–base properties of S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine (carbocysteine, ccys) in NaClaq and tetramethylammonium chloride, (CH3)4NClaq ,a tt =2 5 ◦ C and at different ionic strengths were investigated. Solubility was studied at 1.0 ≤ I (mol L −1 ) ≤ 5.0 for NaClaq and 1.0 ≤ I (mol L −1 ) ≤ 3.0 for (CH3)4NClaq, while potentiometric measurements (by ISE-H + , glass electrode) were performed at 0.1 ≤ I (mol L −1 ) ≤ 5.0 for NaClaq and 0.5 ≤ I (mol L −1 ) ≤ 3.0 for (CH3)4NClaq. Solubility data allowed us to determine Setschenow constants and activity coefficients of neutral carbocysteine (H2ccys). Dependence on ionic strength and ionic medium of protonation constants and activity coeff…

Activity coefficientChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringPotentiometric titrationInorganic chemistryAnalytical chemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyProtonationchemistry.chemical_compoundSpecific ion interaction theoryIonic strengthTetramethylammonium chloridePitzer equationsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySolubilityCarbocysteine; Solubility; Protonation; Activity coefficients; Dependence on medium and ionic strength
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Hydrolysis and chemical speciation of dioxouranium(VI) ion in aqueous media simulating the major ion composition of seawater

2004

Abstract The hydrolysis and chemical speciation of the dioxouranium(VI) ion at 25 °C was studied in a number of binary electrolytes (LiCl, NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, Na2SO4) and some mixtures (NaCl–Na2SO4, NaNO3–Na2SO4, CaCl2–MgCl2) as well as artificial seawater (SSWE) as a function of ionic strength. The results in LiCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions confirmed the formation of (UO2)2(OH)22+, (UO2)3(OH)42+, (UO2)3(OH)5+ and (UO2)3(OH)7− species (at I=0 mol l−1: log Tβ22=−5.76, log Tβ34=−11.82, log Tβ35=−15.89 and log Tβ37=−29.26). For NaNO3, NaCl and artificial seawater the hydrolysis constant for the formation of the UO2(OH)+ species was also determined (at I=0 mol l−1: log Tβ11=−5.19). The results …

Activity coefficientHydrolysis constantUranium speciationAqueous solutionChemistryHydrolysisInorganic chemistryPitzer parametersIonic bondingArtificial seawaterGeneral ChemistryDependence on ionic strengthOceanographyUranylIon pair formationIonDioxouranium(VI)chemistry.chemical_compoundIonic strengthEnvironmental ChemistryChemical speciationHydrolysis; Dioxouranium(VI); Chemical speciation; Seawater; Dependence on ionic strength; Dependence on ionic medium; Pitzer parameters; Ion pair formationSeawaterDependence on ionic mediumWater Science and Technology
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Modeling ATP protonation and activity coefficients in NaClaq and KClaq by SIT and Pitzer equations.

2006

Abstract The acid–base properties of Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions at different ionic strengths (0  I  / mol L − 1  ≤ 5 for NaCl aq , 0  I  / mol L − 1  ≤ 3 for KCl aq ) and at t  = 25 °C were investigated. A selection of literature data on ATP protonation constants and on activity isopiestic coefficients was performed, together with new potentiometric measurements (by ISE-H + , glass electrode). Both literature and new experimental data were used to model the dependence on ionic strength and ionic medium of ATP protonation by SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) and Pitzer equations. In addition to values of first and second ATP protonation constants in…

Activity coefficientMolar concentrationactivity coefficientsActivity coefficientPotentiometric titrationInorganic chemistryBiophysicsIonic bondingProtonationProtonationATP; protonation; activity coefficients; Dependence on medium and ionic strength; SIT model; Pitzer modelSodium ChlorideBiochemistryPotassium ChlorideAdenosine TriphosphateElectrochemistrySettore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaChemistryOrganic ChemistryOsmolar ConcentrationPitzer modelSIT modelATPSpecific ion interaction theoryIonic strengthDependence on medium and ionic strengthPhysical chemistryPitzer equationsBiophysical chemistry
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Modelling of proton and metal exchange in the alginate biopolymer.

2005

Acid-base behaviour of a commercial sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) has been investigated at different ionic strengths (0.1or=I/mol l(-1)or=1.0) and in different supporting electrolytes (Et4NI, NaCl, KCl, LiCl, NaCl+MgCl2), with the aim of examining the influence of ionic medium on the proton-binding capacity and of quantifying the strength of interaction with light metal ions in the perspective of speciation studies in natural aqueous systems. Potentiometric ([H+]-glass electrode) and titration calorimetric data were expressed as a function of the dissociation degree (alpha) using different models (Henderson-Hasselbalch modified, Högfeldt three parameter…

Alginic acid; Proton- and metal-binding capacity; Thermodynamic parameters; Ionic strength dependence; Models for medium dependence and ion associationProton bindingAlginatesIonic strength dependenceInorganic chemistryPotentiometric titrationIonic bondingProtonationElectrolytePhaeophytaBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistryBiopolymersGlucuronic Acidalginic acid proton and metal-binding capacity Thermodynamics parameters Ionic strength dependence models for medium dependence and ion associationAlginic acidMagnesium ionAqueous solutionMolecular StructureChemistryHexuronic AcidsProton- and metal-binding capacityThermodynamic parametersIonic strengthMetalsProtonsModels for medium dependence and ion associationAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry
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Protonation of Carbonate in Aqueous Tetraalkylammonium Salts at 25°C.

2006

Protonation constants of carbonate were determined in tetramethylammonium chloride (Me4NClaq 0.1≤I/mol kg−1 ≤4) and tetraethylammonium iodide (Et4NIaq 0.1≤I/mol kg−1 ≤1) by potentiometric ([H+]-glass electrode) measurements. Dependence of protonation constants on ionic strength was taken into account by modified specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and by Pitzer models. Literature data on the protonation of carbonate in NaClaq (0.1≤I/mol kg−1 ≤6) were also critically analysed. Both protonation constants of carbonate follow the trend Et4NI>Me4NCl > NaCl. An ion pair formation model designed to take into account the different protonation behaviours of carbonate in different supporting electr…

Aqueous solutionProtonation of carbonateSpecific ion interaction theory (SIT)Ion pair formation modelChemistryInorganic chemistryTetraalkylammonium saltProtonationDependence on ionic strengthElectrolyteIon pairsAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundIonic strengthTetramethylammonium chlorideAqueous solutionPitzer equationsCarbonateSettore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaProtonation of carbonate; Dependence on ionic strength; Aqueous solution; Tetraalkylammonium salts; Ion pair formation model; Specific ion interaction theory (SIT); Pitzer equationPitzer equation
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Speciation of chitosan with low and high molecular weight carboxylates in aqueous solution

2009

Quantitative data on the speciation of chitosan (310 kDa) with low and high molecular weight carboxylates in aqueous solution are reported. The following carboxylic ligands were considered: monocarboxylate (butyrate); dicarboxylates (malonate, succinate, azelate); tricarboxylate (1,2,3-propa- netricarboxylate); tetracarboxylate (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate); polyacrylates (2.0 and 20 kDa); polymethacrylate (5.4 kDa). The investigation was performed by potentiometry at t 1/4 25 C, at low ionic strength (without addition of supporting electrolyte) and at I 1/4 0:15 mol L 1 (NaCl). For all the systems the formation of (chitosan)LHi species was found (L 1/4 carboxylic ligand; i 1/4 1 to 4 de…

Chemical Health and SafetyAqueous solutionpolyammonium-polycarboxylate interactionsSupporting electrolyteLigandHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisInorganic chemistrychitosan; polyammonium-polycarboxylate interactions; Chemical speciation; sequestration; effect of ionic strength on sequestrationsequestrationToxicologyTricarboxylateMedicinal chemistrychitosan polyammonium polycarboxylate speciation sequestration ionic strenght.Chitosanchemistry.chemical_compoundMalonatechemistryIonic strengthChemical speciationSettore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analiticaeffect of ionic strength on sequestrationCarboxylatechitosanChemical Speciation & Bioavailability
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Understanding the Solution Behavior of Epinephrine in the Presence of Toxic Cations: A Thermodynamic Investigation in Different Experimental Conditio…

2020

The interactions of epinephrine ((R)-(&minus

EnthalpyInorganic chemistryPharmaceutical ScienceIonic bondingProtonation02 engineering and technologyCalorimetry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesArticleAnalytical Chemistrylcsh:QD241-441chemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:Organic chemistryDrug Discoverytoxic cationSettore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analiticatoxic cationsepinephrinePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryChemistryOrganic Chemistryenthalpy and entropy changesOxidesMethylmercury Compoundsdependence on ionic strength021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologysequestering ability0104 chemical sciencesSpecific ion interaction theoryChemistry (miscellaneous)Ionic strengthBenzyl alcoholThermodynamicsUraniumMolecular MedicineTitration0210 nano-technologyenthalpy and entropy changeMolecules
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Boron and lithium behaviour in river waters under semiarid climatic conditions

2022

Boron (B) and Lithium (Li) concentrations were studied in the Platani river, one of the most important catchments of South-Central Sicily which is under semiarid climatic conditions for roughly eight months to a year. In this area, evaporites result in potential B and Li sources for surface waters. Results from river waters have measured ionic strength values between 0.1 and 4.54 M. B and Li distributions in these waters were studied in colloidal (CF, extracted by ultrafiltration from the 0.45 μm filtrate) and total dissolved (TDF) fractions and in fractions extracted from corresponding riverbed sediments, according to changes of the B/Li ratio. In river waters, CF and TDF showed very simil…

Geologic SedimentsEnvironmental EngineeringHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthGeneral MedicineGeneral ChemistryLithiumPollutionRiversMetalsEnvironmental ChemistrySettore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaMine drainage Salt minerals B/Li ratio Ionic strength Mn-oxyhydroxidesWater Pollutants ChemicalBoronEnvironmental Monitoring
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Functionalized halloysite nanotubes for enhanced removal of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions

2018

In this study, environmental friendly halloysite nanotubes and their amino derivatives were used as adsorbent materials for lead(II) ions. The adsorption ability of both nanomaterials towards Pb2+ ions has been studied in NaClaq, at I = 0.1 mol L−1, in the pH range 3–6. Moreover, the effect of ionic strength on the adsorption process was evaluated at the pH of maximum efficiency of the adsorbent materials. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were carried out by using the Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DP-ASV) technique to check the metal ion concentration in solution after contact with the two adsorbents. Different isotherm and kinetic equations were used to fit the experi…

Halloysite Grafting Lead(II) Adsorption Ionic strengthGeochemistry and PetrologySettore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaGeologySettore CHIM/06 - Chimica Organica02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0210 nano-technology01 natural sciencesSettore CHIM/02 - Chimica Fisica0104 chemical sciencesApplied Clay Science
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